A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects

Alejandro Tapia; Arturo Moquillaza; Joel Aguirre; Fiorella Falconi; Adrian Lecaros; Freddy Paz

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05897-4_6

A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects

Alejandro Tapia, Arturo Moquillaza, Joel Aguirre, Fiorella Falconi, Adrian Lecaros, Freddy Paz

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Nowadays, due to technological advancement, people are bound to use multiple digital tools and interact with them through a User Interface. For this reason, User Experience (UX) is one of the most important keys to success. UX includes the design and evaluation of an adequate Information Architecture. To design Information Architecture, the best-known technique is Card Sorting. For evaluation, there is the Tree Testing or Reverse Card Sorting technique. This technique can be applied in remote or non-remote ways. We identified three main issues: 1. The remote processes to apply Tree Testing are not standardized; 2. the tools were modeled and built after a process defined by the supplier of those tools, most of which are now discontinued. 3. In many development projects these techniques are left aside, the Information Architecture is assessed using other methods and techniques (i.e. User Testing) in later phases of the project. These result in Information Architecture errors and defects found late or not found at all. Hence, this study is focused on developing and validating a standardized remote Tree Testing process with an emphasis on automation. To meet the objectives, we conducted interviews and literature reviews to find out how Tree Testing is currently carried out and what tools are used to support the technique (AS-IS workflow). Subsequently, we proposed a process that can support the technique, considering the pain points found on the current processes, resulting in a TO-BE workflow. As a result, a proposal of this standardized process was modeled using the notation BPMN, and validated by the expert judgment of specialists in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Finally, it is important to mention that Tree Testing is useful, practical in its remote application, and should be applied in the early stages of software projects; a tool to support the whole process should be implemented.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Design, User Experience, and Usability
Subtitle of host publication	UX Research, Design, and Assessment - 11th International Conference, DUXU 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Proceedings
Editors	Marcelo M. Soares, Elizabeth Rosenzweig, Aaron Marcus
Publisher	Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Pages	75-92
Number of pages	18
ISBN (Print)	9783031058967
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05897-4_6
State	Published - 2022
Externally published	Yes
Event	11th International Conference on Design, User Experience, and Usability, DUXU 2022 Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022 - Virtual, Online Duration: 26 Jun 2022 → 1 Jul 2022

Publication series

Name	Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume	13321 LNCS
ISSN (Print)	0302-9743
ISSN (Electronic)	1611-3349

Conference

Conference	11th International Conference on Design, User Experience, and Usability, DUXU 2022 Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022
City	Virtual, Online
Period	26/06/22 → 1/07/22

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Keywords

Architecture Information
BPMN
Human-Computer Interaction
Tree Testing
User Experience

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-031-05897-4_6

Cite this

Tapia, A., Moquillaza, A., Aguirre, J., Falconi, F., Lecaros, A., & Paz, F. (2022). A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects. In M. M. Soares, E. Rosenzweig, & A. Marcus (Eds.), Design, User Experience, and Usability: UX Research, Design, and Assessment - 11th International Conference, DUXU 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Proceedings (pp. 75-92). (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 13321 LNCS). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05897-4_6

Tapia, Alejandro ; Moquillaza, Arturo ; Aguirre, Joel et al. / A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects. Design, User Experience, and Usability: UX Research, Design, and Assessment - 11th International Conference, DUXU 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Proceedings. editor / Marcelo M. Soares ; Elizabeth Rosenzweig ; Aaron Marcus. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022. pp. 75-92 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)).

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title = "A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects",

abstract = "Nowadays, due to technological advancement, people are bound to use multiple digital tools and interact with them through a User Interface. For this reason, User Experience (UX) is one of the most important keys to success. UX includes the design and evaluation of an adequate Information Architecture. To design Information Architecture, the best-known technique is Card Sorting. For evaluation, there is the Tree Testing or Reverse Card Sorting technique. This technique can be applied in remote or non-remote ways. We identified three main issues: 1. The remote processes to apply Tree Testing are not standardized; 2. the tools were modeled and built after a process defined by the supplier of those tools, most of which are now discontinued. 3. In many development projects these techniques are left aside, the Information Architecture is assessed using other methods and techniques (i.e. User Testing) in later phases of the project. These result in Information Architecture errors and defects found late or not found at all. Hence, this study is focused on developing and validating a standardized remote Tree Testing process with an emphasis on automation. To meet the objectives, we conducted interviews and literature reviews to find out how Tree Testing is currently carried out and what tools are used to support the technique (AS-IS workflow). Subsequently, we proposed a process that can support the technique, considering the pain points found on the current processes, resulting in a TO-BE workflow. As a result, a proposal of this standardized process was modeled using the notation BPMN, and validated by the expert judgment of specialists in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Finally, it is important to mention that Tree Testing is useful, practical in its remote application, and should be applied in the early stages of software projects; a tool to support the whole process should be implemented.",

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Tapia, A, Moquillaza, A, Aguirre, J, Falconi, F, Lecaros, A & Paz, F 2022, A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects. in MM Soares, E Rosenzweig & A Marcus (eds), Design, User Experience, and Usability: UX Research, Design, and Assessment - 11th International Conference, DUXU 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 13321 LNCS, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, pp. 75-92, 11th International Conference on Design, User Experience, and Usability, DUXU 2022 Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Virtual, Online, 26/06/22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05897-4_6

A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects. / Tapia, Alejandro; Moquillaza, Arturo; Aguirre, Joel et al.
Design, User Experience, and Usability: UX Research, Design, and Assessment - 11th International Conference, DUXU 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Proceedings. ed. / Marcelo M. Soares; Elizabeth Rosenzweig; Aaron Marcus. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022. p. 75-92 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 13321 LNCS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › peer-review

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AB - Nowadays, due to technological advancement, people are bound to use multiple digital tools and interact with them through a User Interface. For this reason, User Experience (UX) is one of the most important keys to success. UX includes the design and evaluation of an adequate Information Architecture. To design Information Architecture, the best-known technique is Card Sorting. For evaluation, there is the Tree Testing or Reverse Card Sorting technique. This technique can be applied in remote or non-remote ways. We identified three main issues: 1. The remote processes to apply Tree Testing are not standardized; 2. the tools were modeled and built after a process defined by the supplier of those tools, most of which are now discontinued. 3. In many development projects these techniques are left aside, the Information Architecture is assessed using other methods and techniques (i.e. User Testing) in later phases of the project. These result in Information Architecture errors and defects found late or not found at all. Hence, this study is focused on developing and validating a standardized remote Tree Testing process with an emphasis on automation. To meet the objectives, we conducted interviews and literature reviews to find out how Tree Testing is currently carried out and what tools are used to support the technique (AS-IS workflow). Subsequently, we proposed a process that can support the technique, considering the pain points found on the current processes, resulting in a TO-BE workflow. As a result, a proposal of this standardized process was modeled using the notation BPMN, and validated by the expert judgment of specialists in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Finally, it is important to mention that Tree Testing is useful, practical in its remote application, and should be applied in the early stages of software projects; a tool to support the whole process should be implemented.

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T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

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Tapia A, Moquillaza A, Aguirre J, Falconi F, Lecaros A, Paz F. A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects. In Soares MM, Rosenzweig E, Marcus A, editors, Design, User Experience, and Usability: UX Research, Design, and Assessment - 11th International Conference, DUXU 2022, Held as Part of the 24th HCI International Conference, HCII 2022, Proceedings. Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. 2022. p. 75-92. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-05897-4_6

A Process to Support the Remote Tree Testing Technique for Evaluating the Information Architecture of User Interfaces in Software Projects

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

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